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Neem
--› Chemical Composition
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Chemical Composition
Neem is bitter in taste. The bitterness is due to an array of complex compounds called "triterpenes" or more specifically "limonoids". Nearly 100 protolimonoids, limonoids or tetranortriterpenoids, pentanortriterpenoids, hexanortriterpenoids and some nonterpenoid constituents have been isolated form various parts of the Neem tree (Jones et al. 1989, Koul et al.,1990); still more are being isolated. The most important bioactive principal is azadirachtin; at least 10 other limonoids possess insect growth in regulating activity (Saxena 1989, Schmutterer 1990)
Neem fruits, seeds, oil, leaves, bark and roots have such uses as general antiseptics, antimicrobials, treatment of urinary disorders, diarrhoea, fever and bronchitis, skin diseases, septic sores, infected burns, hypertensions and inflammatory diseases. Neem oil and its isolates - nimbidin, nimbidiol and nimbin inhibit fungal growth on humans and animals. Neem leaf extracts and teas can treat malaria. The anti-malarial action is attributable to gedunin, a limonoid. Contact of kissing bugs, Rhodnius prolixus, vectors of Chagas' disease in Latin America, with Neem extracts or azadirachtin "immunizes" them against the protozoan parasite Trypanosome cruzi, opening up new possibilities of controlling the diseases
PHYSICO-COMPOSITION OF FRESH NEEM LEAVES
| Moisture | 59.4 % |
| Proteins | 7.1 % |
| Fat | 1.0 % |
| Fibre | 6.2 % |
| Carbohydrates | 22.9 % |
| Minerals | 3.4 % |
| Calcium | 510 Mg/100g |
| Phosphorous | 80 Mg/100g |
| Iron | 17 Mg/100g |
| Thiamine | 0.04 Mg/100g |
| Niacin | 1.40 Mg/100g |
| Vitamin C | 218 Mg/100g |
| Carotene | 1998 Microgram/100g |
| Carolific Value | 1290 Kcal/Kg |
| Glutamic acid | 73.30 Mg/100g |
| Tyrosine | 31.50 Mg/100g |
| Aspartic acid | 15.50 Mg/100g |
| Alanine | 6.40 Mg/100g |
| Proline | 4.00 Mg/100g |
| Glutamine | 1.00 Mg/100g |
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